Pattan AD1, Moreshwar
S2, Raddi SA3
1Lecturer,
Department of Community Health Nursing, KLEU Institute of Nursing Sciences,
Nehru Nagar, Belgaum
2Associate
Professor and HOD Community Health Nursing, KLEU Institute of Nursing Sciences,
Nehru Nagar, Belgaum-590010 Karnataka,
India
3Professor
and Principal Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, KLEU Institute of Nursing
Sciences,
Nehru Nagar, Belgaum-590010 Karnataka, India
Corresponding Author Email: abhay.pattan@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
A
study was conducted on 120 Pre-university adolescent boys in selected colleges
of Belgaum city, to assess their knowledge regarding prevention and control of
ill effects of tobacco chewing among adolescent boys .The objectives of the
study was To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme
on knowledge regarding prevention and control of ill effects of tobacco chewing
and also associate the knowledge of pre-university adolescent boys with
selected socio demographic variables. Experimental type of one group pre test
and post test design is chosen for conducting this study. The data was analyzed
in terms of descriptive and inferential statistics. The study finding revealed
that 111 (92.2%) posses good knowledge, 9 (7.5%) pre-university adolescent boys
has average knowledge and none was found
to be poor knowledge. There was significant gain in knowledge of pre university
adolescent boys and is statistically significant at p<0.005 level of
significance. There was significant association between educational status of
the father and occupation of the father and pre test knowledge score.
KEYWORDS: Planned
Teaching Programme (PTP), adolescent boys, ill
effects.
INTRODUCTION:
Long back ago tobacco was introduced to
India since ages. Use of tobacco has been changed from the traditional
cigarette to the most recent gutkha and Mawa. Even though
government has passed laws for control of tobacco and has made notifications
because of the addiction of nicotine it has become part of the adult (male) and children’s life. The present generation
especially high school and the further years of life get addicted to
tobacco1.
Today of the 1.1 billion who
chewing tobacco world-wide 182 million (16.6%) live in India. Tobacco
consumption continues to grow in India at 2 to 3% per annum and by 2020 it is
predicted that it will account for 13% of all deaths in India2.
Tobacco use in India is more varied than in most countries. It is estimated
that among the 400 million individuals aged
15 years and over in India, 47% use tobacco in one form or other. 72% of
tobacco users smoke beedi, 12% smoke cigarette and
16% use tobacco in the smokeless form. Of the 250 million-kg tobacco cleared
for domestic consumption in India, 80% is
used for smoking and 14% is used in the smokeless form (1% as snuff)3.
Globally, tobacco chewing is the dominant
form of tobacco use. In Indian context, the tobacco use implies the use of
tobacco in any form of chewing or smoking.
Smoking and chewing habits however differ a great deal in different parts of
India. Different types of tobacco use habits such as beedi
and cigarette & chewing habits such as khaini,
mawa and betel quid differ even more in different
parts of the country4.
Tobacco use in children and
adolescents is reaching pandemic levels. The World Bank has reported that
nearly 82,000–99,000 children and adolescents all over the world begin smoking
every day. About half of them would continue to smoke to adulthood and half of
the adult smokers are expected to die prematurely due to smoking related
diseases. If current smoking trends continue, tobacco will kill nearly 250
million of today's children5.
MATERIAL AND METHODS:
Evaluation of
planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding
prevention and control of ill effects of tobacco chewing among adolescent boys
selected pre-university colleges was conducted using a one group pretest and
post test and post research design. A study was conducted on 120 adolescent
boys in selected pre-university colleges of Belgaum city, to assess their
knowledge regarding prevention and control of ill effects of tobacco chewing
among adolescent boys between 15 to 18 years of age. Purposive sampling
technique was used for sample selection. The structured knowledge questionnaire
schedule is used the study consists of 2 sections, namely section A and B (a)
& (b) section ‘A’ consists of 10 questions seeking the demographic data of
the subjects. Section ‘B’ (a) consists of 20 multiple choice items related
knowledge items with 4 options and B (b) items related to knowledge items with
Yes or No. A scoring system is developed for the items. Each correct answer is
assigned a score of ‘one’ and wrong answer a score of ‘zero’. The total score
of section B is 30. The collected data was tabulated and analyzed in terms of
descriptive and inferential statistics.
RESULTS:
The major findings
of the study were as follow.
1. The findings related to the socio
demographic variables of pre-university adolescent boys:
In the present
study it was found that out of 120 Pre-university adolescent boys, about 46
(38.33%) of adolescents were 16 yrs of age and 15(41.66%) were 17 yrs of age.
Majority of students 102 (85%) were Hindu. Around 60 (50 %) of adolescents were
PUC 2nd yr and 60 (50%) were PUC 1st yr. Majority of the
subjects, father educational status was 31 (25.83%) was graduation and above,
28(23.3%) were higher secondary school, 22 (18.33%) had primary school, 21
(17.5%) had secondary school and minimum 18(15%) with no formal education.
Majority of Mothers educational status 41 (34.16%) was secondary school,
40(33.33%) primary school, 18(15%) with no formal education, 15(12.5%) higher
secondary, and minimum 06(5%) were graduated.
Regarding
occupation of fathers 51(42.5%) were private employee, 22(18.33%) were farmers,
30(25%) were businessmen’s & 17(14.16%) were government employees.
Regarding occupation of mothers, 89 (74.16%) were housewives, 17(14.16%) were
private employees, 11(9.16%) were farmer and minimum 03 (2.5%) them government
employees. Majority of students 44 (36.66%) had single parent, 36(30%) were
from nuclear family, 34(28.33%) were from joint family, and minimum 06 (5%)
were from extended family. Majority of students 34 (28.33%) family income was
above Rs 7000/- rupees, 33 (27.5%) had Rs 5001/- to Rs 6000/-rupees, 31
(25.83%) was below Rs 5000/-rupees and minimum 22 (18.33%) was Rs 6001/- to Rs 7000/- rupees. Major source
of information 46 (38.34%) was from neighbors and friends, 37 (30.83%) was
through mass media, 20 (16.16%) was from health professionals and minimum 17
(14.16%) from electronics media.
2. Findings related to pretest and
post test knowledge scores of pre-university adolescent boys and assessment of
effectiveness of planned teaching programme:
Pre test knowledge
scores of pre-university adolescent boys: Based on the analysis of Pre test knowledge
scores of adolescent boys it has been found that 6 (5%) pre-university
adolescent boys has poor knowledge and 114 (95%) possess average knowledge and
none was found with good knowledge. Post test knowledge scores of
pre-university adolescent boys: Based on the analysis the posttest knowledge
scores of pre-university adolescent boys has been found that 111 (92.5) posses
good knowledge, 9 (7.5%) pre-university adolescent boys has average knowledge
and none of was found to be poor knowledge.
3. Findings related to the
effectiveness of planned teaching programme for
Pre-university adolescent boys Regarding prevention and control of ill effects
of tobacco chewing:
While evaluating
the effectiveness of planned teaching programme for
Pre-university adolescent boys on knowledge regarding prevention and control of
ill effects of tobacco chewing.
The Mean of Pre
test scores were 14.84 and the mean score of posttest was 25.98 and the gain in
knowledge was found to be 37.14. Calculated t-value was 46.70 which is
significant at 5% level (P value < 0.05) i.e. Highly Significant. Hence the
planned teaching programme was found to be effective
in improving the knowledge of adolescent boys on prevention and control of ill effects of tobacco chewing. The knowledge
score of pre test was found to be mean 14.84 with standard deviation 3.2 and
mean score was 49.47%.
The overall
knowledge score of post test was found to be mean score 25.98 and mean percent
was 86.61% with standard deviation (1.89). From the results of the study it was
concluded that the Planned Teaching Programme was
effective. (Table 1)
Table 1. Assessment of effectiveness
of Planned Teaching Programme
|
Area of analysis |
Mean |
Median |
Mode |
S D |
‘t’ value |
P value |
|
Pretest Post test Difference |
14.84 25.98 11.14 |
15 26 11 |
17 26 9 |
3.2565 1.8919 1.3646 |
46.70 |
P<0.05 |
4. Findings related association
between pre test knowledge scores and socio demographic variables of
Pre-university adolescent boys.
The association
between pre test knowledge scores and socio demographic variables was computed
by using chi square ( χ2 ) test. There was significant
association between educational status of the fathers and occupation of the
fathers’ pre test knowledge scores with selected demographic variables.
CONCLUSION:
Based on the
findings of the study the fallowing conclusions were drawn
1. Overall
pre-test knowledge of pre-university adolescent boys regarding prevention and
control ill effects of tobacco chewing was low, which suggested there is need
for Planned Teaching Programme for Pre-university
adolescent boys between 15 to 18 years of Age in selected Pre-university
colleges.
2. Post
test showed that there is significant improvement in the level of knowledge
regarding prevention and control of ill effects of tobacco chewing, it can be
concluded that the planned teaching programme was an
effective method of teaching the pre-university adolescent boys to improve the
knowledge regarding prevention and control of ill effects of tobacco chewing.
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Tobacco related -oral mucosal lesions and conditions in India. New Delhi: Jaypee brothers, Medical publication (P) Ltd; 1993.
3. Sarma P V R, Dhand A, Malhotra A. et.al. Pattern of tobacco smoking in North Indian adults. Indian Journal of
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]Received on 21.08.2014 Modified on 08.09.2014